Salamanca (city), New York
Salamanca, New York Salamanca is positioned in New York Salamanca - Salamanca Location in the state of New York State New York Salamanca is a town/city in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States, positioned inside the Allegany Indian Reservation, one of two governed by the Seneca Nation of New York.
The populace was 5,815 at the 2010 census. It was titled after Jose de Salamanca, a Spanish nobleman and cabinet minister of the mid-19th century.
According to the United States Enumeration Bureau, the town/city has a total region of 6.24 square miles (16.15 km2), of which 5.99 square miles (15.52 km2) is territory and 0.24 square miles (0.63 km2), or 3.88%, is water. Salamanca is positioned inside the Allegany Indian Reservation of the Seneca Nation of New York (one of the six tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy).
The town/city population of about 5,800 is about 17% Native American; this does not include Seneca citizens living in the adjoining hamlets of Jimerson Town (one of the two capitals of the nation) and Kill Buck.
The town/city lies along the Allegany River and is adjoining to Allegany State Park.
The Southern Tier Expressway (Interstate 86 and New York State Route 17) pass south of the city, as do U.S.
Route 219 and New York State Route 417.
Coach USA, Fullington Trailways, the Seneca Transit System, and the Olean Area Transit System all converge on the city.
Climate data for Salamanca, New York What is now known as the town/city of Salamanca was originally two separate communities, one on Little Valley Creek and the other on Great Valley Creek; the westernmost one of the two was called "Hemlock", a name derived from the various hemlock trees throughout the encircling mountain peaks.
Hemlock was later retitled "West Salamanca" and (although it was marked on road signs as late as the 1990s) was eventually incorporated into the single town/city of Salamanca.
Generations of Salamanca inhabitants worked for the barns s, and much of the housing was originally assembled for them by the barns s.
The town/city also benefited from the then-thriving lumber trade that dominated much of southwestern Cattaraugus County at the turn of the century, as boomtowns along the Allegheny River such as Elko, South Valley and Red House (all much less populated ghost suburbs today) all used the barns s to ship their goods upstream.
At the time of the city's incorporation, it peaked at just under 10,000 residents, not far behind that of Olean, the primary hub of the county; Olean, however, would continue to expanded quickly into the 1950s, while Salamanca's populace would begin falling behind almost immediately.
The majority of the city, with the exception of a northeastern spur along Great Valley Creek, was constructed on the Allegany Indian Reservation held by the Seneca Nation of New York, as established in various treaties.
Under the nation's policy, non-Seneca inhabitants are barred from owning real property on the reservation, and non-Senecas can only lease the property from the Seneca Nation. As arranged by the barns s, the previous leases had nominal payments and veiled only the land; improvements (i.e., buildings and homes) were considered to be owned by the non-native people.
Numerous citizens living in the town/city did not agree on the amount of lease payments or the legitimacy of the Senecas' absolute ownership claim.
Congress passed a law explicitly placing the improvements under Seneca jurisdiction, the new leases were put into effect, and fifteen homes were seized and their owners evicted for refusing to sign the leases. The current leases are in effect until 2030, with an option to extend until 2070; proceeds from the lease payments are distributed quarterly to enrolled Seneca Nation members, providing a basic income guarantee.
Even with the lack of ownership, leased territory held by non-Senecas is subject to property tax, which the lessee must pay to the city, Cattaraugus County, and the Salamanca City Central School District.
Once a Seneca acquires the land, it is taken off the tax rolls; for this reason, the town/city of Salamanca does not auction off abandoned properties on the reservation in a property tax auction, for fear that Seneca individuals will buy the land, removing it from the tax rolls.
"Between 2004-05 and 2009-10, State aid for the City, including casino revenues, increased by an average annual rate of nearly 50 percent (starting at $0.8 million in 2004-05 and peaking at $7.3 million in 2008-09).
Salamanca's average annual expenditure increases on debt service, general government, transportation, utilities and enhance safety between 2004-05 and 2009-10 were all in the double digits." This was attributable to revenues from the Seneca Allegany Casino.
The Seneca Nation opened a gambling casino in Salamanca in May 2004.
About 1,000 new jobs were created by the casino operation, resulting in a housing shortage in the small town as new workers entered the city.
Under the arrangement with the state, a 25% share of the casino's revenue goes to the town/city and county, which they can use for needed projects.
Significant change did not quickly take place in the city, with new assembly in only a several select areas.
Redevelopment was delayed when the Nation stopped casino payments in late 2010 in a dispute with the state over its opening racinos elsewhere in the state; payments were resumed in 2013.
The state provided the town/city with emergency funds to help support it until the dispute was settled. The Senecas again announced it would halt payments to the state in 2017, stating that a clause in the gaming compact had expired and its obligation to continue paying the state was no longer in effect.
Because of the contentious relations between Seneca and non-Seneca residents, columnist Selena Zito described Salamanca as a "failed American city" in 2011 in a column that soon drew the rebuke of town/city officials. Among the nationwide chains that operate franchises in Salamanca are Mc - Donald's, Burger King, Little Caesars, Holiday Inn Express, Tim Hortons, Subway, Radio - Shack, NAPA and Auto - Zone on the west side; and Rite-Aid (owned by Carl Paladino's Ellicott Development Co.), Save-a-Lot and Family Dollar in the center of the city.
Family Dollar is positioned in the city's only shopping mall, Salamanca Mall, in which the county-wide Worth W.
A number of industrialized factories, among them Mc - Hone Industries (a metal fabricating company) and Salamanca Lumber, operate in the center part of the city, and East End Plastics operates a plant on the east side of the city.
There is no direct tv broadcasting in Salamanca; the town/city is ostensibly part of the Buffalo media market, and small-town cable and satellite providers carry those stations (as well as some from Erie, Pennsylvania and Toronto, Ontario), but the hilly terrain around the town/city makes tv reception problematic.
As of the 2010 United States census, Salamanca had a populace of 5,815.
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,097 citizens , 2,469 homeholds, and 1,575 families residing in the city.
The ethnic makeup of the town/city was 74.26% White, 0.66% Black or African American, 20.74% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other competitions, and 1.75% from two or more competitions.
In the city, the populace was spread out with 27.0% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older.
"Ab" Fancher, New York state senator in the late 19th/early 20th century; co-owner (with E.B.
Vreeland of the Seneca Oil Company, a subsidiary of Standard Oil Company); donated much of the territory to New York that now comprises Allegany State Park, the biggest state park in New York; advanced the Fancher farm, on the side of Salamanca, which boasts one of the biggest destroyed in New York.
Carson Waterman, Seneca Indian artist known for enhance art and illustrations in the Allegany Seneca Storybook and Seneca Coloring Book. a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Salamanca city, New York".
"2012 FISCAL PROFILE: CITY OF SALAMANCA", Office of the State Comptroller, New York, 2012 2010 census quickfacts on Salamanca, New York Hogan, Thomas E, "City in a Quandary: Salamanca and the Allegany Leases", New York History 55 [January 1974] Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclop dia Britannica article Salamanca (New York).
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Salamanca (New York).
City of Salamanca official website Salamanca, New York, Western New York Railroad Archive Municipalities and communities of Cattaraugus County, New York, United States
Categories:
Cities in New York - Populated places established in 1870 - Cities in Cattaraugus County, New York - Seneca tribe
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