Buffalo, New York Buffalo, New York City of Buffalo Aerial photo of Buffalo, NY Left to right from top: Buffalo skyline, Shea's Performing Arts Center, Key - Bank Center, County and City Hall, Buffalo Savings Bank, Peace Bridge, Buffalo City Hall.
Flag of Buffalo, New York Flag Official seal of Buffalo, New York Nickname(s): The City of Good Neighbors, The Queen City, The City of No Illusions, The Nickel City, Queen City of the Lakes, City of Light Buffalo, New York is positioned in the US Buffalo, New York - Buffalo, New York Buffalo (/ b f lo /) is a town/city in New York state and the governmental center of county of Erie County, on the easterly shores of Lake Erie at the head of the Niagara River.
As of 2014, Buffalo is New York state's 2nd-most crowded city after New York City, with 258,703 residents.
Buffalo interval decidedly in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of the Erie Canal, barns s and Lake Erie, providing an abundance of fresh water and an sizeable trade route to the midwestern United States, while grooming its economy for the grain, steel and automobile industries amid the 20th century.
After an economic downturn in the latter half of the 20th century, Buffalo's economy has transitioned to sectors that include financial services, technology, biomedical engineering and education.
Known as "The Queen City", "The Nickel City" and "The City of Good Neighbors," inhabitants of Buffalo are called Buffalonians.
The town/city of Buffalo received its name from a close-by creek called Buffalo Creek. British military engineer Captain John Montresor made reference to 'Buffalo Creek' in his journal of 1764, which may be the earliest recorded appearance of the name. There are a several theories regarding how Buffalo Creek received its name. While it is possible that Buffalo Creek's name originated from French fur traders and Native Americans calling the creek Beau Fleuve (French for "Beautiful River"), it is also possible Buffalo Creek was titled for the American buffalo, whose historical range may have extended into New York. Main articles: History of Buffalo, New York and Timeline of Buffalo, New York During the War of 1812, on December 30, 1813, Buffalo was burned by British forces. On October 26, 1825, the Erie Canal was instead of with Buffalo a port-of-call for pioneer heading westward. At the time, the populace was about 2,400. The Erie Canal brought about a surge in populace and commerce, which led Buffalo to incorporate as a town/city in 1832. In 1845, assembly began on the Macedonia Baptist Church, an meaningful meeting place for the abolitionist movement.[better origin needed] Buffalo was a end point of the Underground Railroad with many fugitive slaves crossing the Niagara River to Fort Erie, Ontario in search of freedom. The town/city got the nickname City of Light at this time due to the widespread electric lighting. It was also part of the automobile revolution, hosting the brass era car builders Pierce Arrow and the Seven Little Buffaloes early in the century. President William Mc - Kinley was shot and mortally wounded by an anarchist at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo on September 6, 1901. Mc - Kinley died in the town/city eight days later and Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in at the Wilcox Mansion as the 26th President of the United States. The town/city became a stronghold of workforce unions and the Democratic Party. During World War II, Buffalo saw the return of prosperity and full employment due to its position as a manufacturing center. Lawrence Seaway in 1957, which cut the town/city off from valuable trade routes; deindustrialization; and the nationwide trend of suburbanization; the city's economy began to deteriorate. Like much of the Rust Belt, Buffalo, home to more than half a million citizens in the 1950s, has seen its populace decline as heavy industries shut down and citizens left for the suburbs or other cities. During this time, urban renewal and the assembly of a several expressways, including the Niagara Thruway, Scajaquada Expressway and Kensington Expressway reshaped much of the city, displacing inhabitants and businesses. Like other rust belt metros/cities such as Pittsburgh and Cleveland, Buffalo has attempted to revitalize its beleaguered economy and crumbling infrastructure.
Buffalo from Lake Erie, c.
Buffalo is on Lake Erie's easterly end, opposite Fort Erie, Ontario. It is positioned at the origin of the Niagara River, which flows northward over Niagara Falls and into Lake Ontario. The town/city is 50 miles (80 km) south-southeast from Toronto.
Buffalo River and Scajaquada Creek run through the city. Skyline of Buffalo, looking east from Lake Erie.
2001 image of the Niagara Peninsula, Niagara Falls and Buffalo from NASA's Terra satellite.
Main article: Architecture of Buffalo, New York Buffalo's architecture is diverse , with a compilation of buildings the 19th and 20th centuries. Most structures and works are still standing, such as the country's biggest endured parks fitness designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux. At the end of the 19th century, the Guaranty Building constructed by Louis Sullivan was a prominent example of an early high-rise high-rise building. The 20th century saw works such as the Art Deco-style Buffalo City Hall and Buffalo Central Terminal, Electric Tower, the Richardson Olmsted Complex, and the Rand Building.
Urban renewal from the 1950s 1970s gave way to the assembly of the Brutalist-style Buffalo City Court Building and the One Seneca Tower formerly the HSBC Center, the city's tallest building. Main article: Neighborhoods of Buffalo, New York Buffalo has a continental-type climate, which is common in the Great Lakes region.
(Koppen climate classification "Dfb" uniform rain distribution). Buffalo has snowy winters, but it is rarely the snowiest town/city in New York state. The Blizzard of 1977 resulted from a combination of high winds and snow previously accumulated on territory and on frozen Lake Erie. Snow does not typically impair the city's operation, but can cause momentous damage amid the autumn as with the October 2006 storm. In November 2014, the region had a record-breaking storm, producing over five and a half feet (1.7 metres) of snow. Buffalo has the sunniest and driest summers of any primary city in the Northeast, but still has enough precipitation to keep vegetation green and lush. Summers are marked by plentiful sunlight and moderate humidity and temperature. Obscured by the notoriety of Buffalo's winter snow is the fact Buffalo benefits from other lake effects such as the cooling southwest breezes off Lake Erie in summer that gently temper the warmest days. As a result, temperatures only rise above 90 F (32.2 C) three times per year, and the Buffalo station of the National Weather Service has never recorded an official temperature of 100 F (37.8 C) or more. Rainfall is moderate but typically occurs at evening.
Lake Erie's stabilizing effect continues to inhibit thunderstorms and movement sunlight in the immediate Buffalo region through most of July. August usually has more showers and is hotter and more humid as the warmer lake loses its temperature-stabilizing influence. The highest recorded temperature in Buffalo was 99 F (37 C) on August 27, 1948 and the lowest recorded temperature was 20 F ( 29 C), which occurred twice, on February 9, 1934 and February 2, 1961. Climate data for Buffalo Niagara International Airport, New York (1981 2010 normals, extremes 1871 present) Main article: Demographics of Buffalo, New York Like most former industrialized cities of the Great Lakes region in the United States, Buffalo is recovering from an economic depression from suburbanization and the loss of its industrialized base.
The city's populace peaked in 1950, when it was the 15th biggest city in the United States, and its populace has been spreading out to the suburbs every census since then.
Buffalo's economic sectors include industrial, light manufacturing, high technology and services. The State of New York, with over 15,000 employees, is the city's biggest employer. Other primary employers include the United States government, Kaleida Health, M&T Bank (which Buffalo is the command posts of in banking), the University at Buffalo, General Motors, Time Warner Cable and Tops Friendly Markets. Buffalo is home to Rich Products, Canadian brewer Labatt, cheese business Sorrento Lactalis, Delaware North Companies and New Era Cap Company.
The loss of traditional jobs in manufacturing, rapid suburbanization and high workforce costs have led to economic diminish and made Buffalo one of the poorest U.S.
An estimated 28.7 29.9% of Buffalo inhabitants live below the poverty line, behind either only Detroit, or only Detroit and Cleveland. Buffalo's median homehold income of $27,850 is third-lowest among large cities, behind only Miami and Cleveland; however the urbane area's median homehold income is $57,000. This, in part, has led to the Buffalo-Niagara Falls urbane region having the most affordable housing market in the U.S.
Buffalo's economy has begun to see momentous improvements since the early 2010s. Money from New York State Governor Andrew Cuomo through a program known locally as "Buffalo Billion" has brought new construction, increased economic development, and hundreds of new jobs to the area. As of March 2015, Buffalo's unemployment rate was 5.9%, slightly above the nationwide average of 5.5%. In 2016, the U.S.
Bureau of Economic Analysis valued the Buffalo area's economy at $54.9 billion. The Buffalo area's varied cuisine is the result of range of cultural contributions, including Italian, Irish, Jewish, German, Polish, African-American, Greek, Indian and American influences.
In 2015, the National Geographic Society ranked Buffalo third on their list of "The World's Top Ten Food Cities". Locally owned restaurants offer Chinese, German, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Thai, Mexican, Italian, Arab, Indian, Caribbean, soul food, and French cuisine. Buffalo's small-town pizzerias differ from that of the thin-crust New York-style pizzerias and deep-dish Chicago-style pizzerias, and is locally known for being a midpoint between the two. The Beef on weck sandwich, kielbasa, sponge candy, pastry hearts, pierogi and haddock fish fries are small-town favorites, as is a loganberry-flavored beverage that remains mostly obscure outside of the Western New York and Southern Ontario. Teressa Bellissimo first prepared the now widespread Buffalo wing at the Anchor Bar on October 3, 1964. Rich, Sr. His company, Rich Products, is one of the city's biggest private employers. General Mills was organized in Buffalo, and Gold Medal brand flour, Wheaties, Cheerios and other General Mills brand cereals are produced here.
Archer Daniels Midland operates its biggest flour foundry in the city. Buffalo is home to one of the biggest privately held food companies in the world, Delaware North Companies, which operates concessions in sports arenas, stadiums, resorts and many state and federal parks. Buffalo is home to over 50 private and enhance art arcades, most prominently the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, home to a compilation of undivided and intact art, and the Burchfield-Penney Art Center. In 2012, American - Style ranked Buffalo twenty-fifth in its list of top mid-sized metros/cities for art. It is also home to many autonomous media and literary arts organizations like Squeaky Wheel Film and Media Arts Center.
The Buffalo area's biggest theater is Shea's Performing Arts Center, designed to accommodate 4,000 citizens with interiors by Louis Comfort Tiffany.
Built in 1926, the theater presents Broadway musicals and concerts. The theater improve in the Buffalo Theater District includes over 20 experienced companies. Kleinhans Music Hall is home to the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra.
The Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, which performs at Kleinhans Music Hall, is one of the city's most prominent performing arts establishments.
Buffalo has the roots of many jazz and classical musicians, and it is also the beginning city for a several mainstream bands and musicians, including Rick James, Billy Sheehan, The Quakes and The Goo Goo Dolls.
Also got their starts in Buffalo. Pianist and composer Leonard Pennario was born in Buffalo in 1924 and made his debut concert at Carnegie Hall in 1943. Buffalo's "Colored Musicians Club," an extension of what was long ago a separate musicians' union local, is grow today and maintains a momentous jazz history inside its walls.
See also: Festivals in Buffalo, New York Popular summer celebrations include the Allentown Art Festival (since 1957), Taste of Buffalo (since 1984), National Buffalo Wing Festival (since 2002), Thursday at the Square (since 1987; moved to Canalside in 2011) and the Juneteenth Festival (since 1976).
Winter celebrations include the Buffalo Ball Drop (since 1988), Buffalo Powder Keg Festival and Labatt Blue Pond Hockey. The town/city of Buffalo's points of interest include the Edward M.
Cotter fireboat, considered the world's earliest active fireboat and is a United States National Historic Landmark, Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens, the Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society, Buffalo Museum of Science, the Buffalo Zoo the third earliest in the United States Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo and Erie County Naval & Military Park, the Anchor Bar and Darwin D.
The site of the former Erie Canal Harbor, Canalside has turn into a prominent destination for tourists and inhabitants since 2007, when Buffalo and the New York Power Authority began to redevelop the former site of War Memorial Auditorium into historically accurate canals.
Buffalo and the encircling region is home to two primary league experienced sports teams.
The NHL's Buffalo Sabres play in the town/city of Buffalo, while the NFL's Buffalo Bills play in suburban Orchard Park, New York, where they have been since 1973.
Buffalo is also home to a several minor sports teams, including the Buffalo Bisons (baseball; an partner of the MLB's Toronto Blue Jays since 2014), FC Buffalo (soccer) as well as a experienced women's team, the Buffalo Beauts (hockey).
The Buffalo Bandits indoor lacrosse team was established in 1992, and played their home games in Buffalo Memorial Auditorium until 1996, when they followed the Sabres to Marine Midland Arena.
The Buffalo Bulls are a Division I college team representing the State University of New York at Buffalo and a several other Buffalo-area universities and universities are also active in college athletics.
Football NFL Buffalo Bills 1960 New Era Field 2 1964*, 1965* Hockey NHL Buffalo Sabres 1970 Key - Bank Center 0 Baseball IL Buffalo Bisons 1979' Coca-Cola Field 3 1997, 1998, 2004 Lacrosse NLL Buffalo Bandits 1992 Key - Bank Center 4 1992, 1993, 1996, 2008 Soccer NPSL FC Buffalo 2009 All-High Stadium 0 Hockey NWHL Buffalo Beauts 2015 Harbor - Center 1 2017 Date refers to current incarnation; Buffalo Bisons previously directed from the 1870s until 1970 and the current Bisons count this team as part of their history.
Main article: Buffalo, New York parks fitness View of Canalside and Buffalo Naval Park.
The Buffalo parks fitness has over 20 parks with a several parks accessible from any part of the city.
The Olmsted Park and Parkway System is the hallmark of Buffalo's many green spaces.
The Olmsted-designed portions of the Buffalo park fitness are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and are maintained by the Buffalo Olmsted Parks Conservancy (BOPC), a non-profit, for enhance benefit corporation which serves as the city's parks department.
Situated at the confluence of Lake Erie and the Buffalo and Niagara rivers, Buffalo is a waterfront city.
To this end, Buffalo Harbor State Park, nicknamed "Outer Harbor," was opened in 2014. Buffalo's intent was to stress its architectural and historical tradition to problematic a tourism destination, and early data indicates that they were successful. Main article: Politics and Government of Buffalo, New York See also: List of mayors of Buffalo, New York At the municipal level, the City of Buffalo has a mayor and a council of nine councilmembers.
Buffalo also serves as the seat of Erie County with some of the 11 members of county council representing at least a portion of Buffalo.
Buffalo City Hall, with Mc - Kinley Monument in the foreground.
At New York State Comptroller Alan Hevesi's urging, the state took over the management of Buffalo's finances, appointing the Buffalo Fiscal Stability Authority.
The offices of the Buffalo District, US Army Corps of Engineers are next to the Black Rock Lock in the Erie Canal's Black Rock channel.
These include the flood-control dam at Mount Morris, New York, supervision of the lower Great Lakes (Lake Erie and Lake Ontario), review and permitting of wetlands construction, and remedial action for hazardous waste sites.
Buffalo is also the home of a primary office of the National Weather Service (NOAA), which serves all of and much of central New York State.
Buffalo is home to one of the 56 nationwide FBI field offices.
The field office covers all of Western New York and parts of the Southern Tier and Central New York.
The field office operates a several task forces in conjunction with small-town agencies to help combat issues such as gang violence, terrorism threats and community care fraud. Buffalo is also the locale of the chief judge, United States Attorney and administrative offices for the United States District Court for the Western District of New York.
Main articles: List of universities and universities in Buffalo, New York and List of Buffalo urbane region schools Overlooking the University at Buffalo's South Campus from Abbott Hall Buffalo Public Schools serve most of the town/city of Buffalo.
Buffalo's magnet school fitness features schools that attract students with special interests, such as science, bilingual studies, and Native American studies.
Specialized facilities include the Buffalo Elementary School of Technology; the Dr.
Drew Science Magnet; BUILD Academy; Leonardo da Vinci High School; PS 32 Bennett Park Montessori; the Buffalo Academy for Visual and Performing Arts, BAVPA; the Riverside Institute of Technology; Lafayette High School/Buffalo Academy of Finance; Hutchinson Central Technical High School; Burgard Vocational High School; South Park High School; and the Emerson School of Hospitality.
Rockwell Hall, Buffalo State College In addition, there are two Islamic schools, Darul Uloom Al-Madania and Universal School of Buffalo.
There are also nonsectarian options including The Buffalo Seminary (the only private, nonsectarian, all-girls school in Western New York state), Nichols School and various Charter Schools.
Complementing its standard function, the Buffalo Public Schools Adult and Continuing Education Division provides education and services to grownups throughout the community. In addition, the Career and Technical Education Department offers more than 20 academic programs, and is attended by about 6,000 students each year. The State University of New York (SUNY) operates three establishments inside the town/city of Buffalo.
The University at Buffalo is known as "UB" and is the biggest enhance college in New York. The University at Buffalo is the only college in Buffalo and is a nationally ranked tier 1 research university. Buffalo State College and Erie Community College are a college and a improve college, in the order given.
The town/city is home to two private healthcare systems, which combined operate eight hospitals and countless clinics in the greater urbane area, as well as three enhance hospitals directed by Erie County and the State of New York.
Over the years, Roswell Park has also turn into recognized as one of the United States' dominant cancer treatment and research and development offices, and it recruits physicians and researchers from athwart the world to come live and work in the Buffalo area.
Mercy Hospital of Buffalo (South Buffalo) Buffalo General Medical Center/Gates Vascular Institute (Downtown Buffalo) Women's & Children's Hospital of Buffalo (Elmwood Village, Buffalo) The Erie County Medical Center (ECMC) (Eastern Buffalo) Roswell Park Cancer Institute (Downtown Buffalo) The Buffalo State Hospital (State directed facility for the mentally ill, positioned in Northwest Buffalo) Main article: Transportation in Buffalo, New York Buffalo Niagara International Airport The 1955 Yellow Book prepared the three primary highways that would serve the Buffalo area; Interstate 190, Interstate 290, and Interstate 90.
Buffalo Metro Rail in downtown Buffalo The Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority (NFTA) operates Buffalo Niagara International Airport, reconstructed in 1997 and positioned in the suburb of Cheektowaga. The airport serves Western New York and much of the Finger Lakes and Southern Tier Regions.
The Buffalo Metro Rail, also directed by the NFTA, is a 6.4 miles (10.3 km) long, single line light rail fitness that extends from Erie Canal Harbor in downtown Buffalo to the University Heights precinct (specifically, the South Campus of University at Buffalo) in the city's northeastern part. The line's downtown section runs above ground and is no-charge of charge to passengers. North of Fountain Plaza Station, at the northern end of downtown, the line moves underground until it reaches its northern end at University Heights.
Historically, the town/city was a primary stop on through routes between Chicago and New York City through the lower Ontario peninsula. Buffalo is at the Lake Erie's easterly end, and it serves as a playground for many personal yachts, sailboats, power boats and watercraft. The city's extensive breakwall fitness protects its inner and outer harbors, which are maintained at commercial navigation depths for Great Lakes freighters. A Lake Erie tributary that flows through south Buffalo is the Buffalo River and Buffalo Creek. Highway traverse the town/city of Buffalo.
NY 354 (Clinton Street) and NY 130 (Broadway) are east to west highways connecting south and downtown Buffalo to the easterly suburbs of West Seneca and Depew.
NY 265 (Delaware Avenue) and NY 266 (Niagara Street and River Road) both start in downtown Buffalo and end in the town/city of Tonawanda.
Three primary expressways serve the town/city of Buffalo.
The Scajaquada Expressway (NY 198) is primarily a limited access highway connecting Interstate 190 near Unity Island to New York State Route 33, which starts at the edge of downtown and the city's East Side, continues through heavily populated areas of the city, intersects with Interstate 90 in Cheektowaga and ends at the airport.
The Peace Bridge is a primary international crossing near the city's Black Rock district, connecting Buffalo with Fort Erie. Buffalo does not permit commercial ridesharing.
Buffalo's water fitness is directed by Veolia Water. To reduce large-scale ice blockage in the Niagara River, with resultant flooding, ice damage to docks and other waterfront structures, and blockage of the water intakes for the hydro-electric power plants at Niagara Falls, the New York Power Authority and Ontario Power Generation have jointly directed the Lake Erie-Niagara River Ice Boom since 1964. The boom is installed on December 16, or when the water temperature reaches 4 C (39 F), whichever happens first. The boom is opened on April 1 unless there is more than 650 square kilometres (250 sq mi) of ice remaining in Eastern Lake Erie. When in place, the boom stretches 2,680 metres (8,790 ft) from the outer breakwall at Buffalo Harbor almost to the Canadian shore near the ruins of the pier at Erie Beach in Fort Erie. The boom was originally made of wooden timbers, but these have been replaced by steel pontoons. Main article: Media in Buffalo, New York Buffalo's primary journal is The Buffalo News.
Established in 1880, the journal has 181,540 in daily circulation and 266,123 on Sundays. Other newspapers in the Buffalo region include Artvoice, The Public, The Beast, Buffalo Business First, the Spectrum University at Buffalo's student-run journal and the Record, Buffalo State College's student-run newspaper. Online news magazines include Artvoice Daily Online and Buffalo Rising, formerly a print magazine. The Buffalo region is home to 14 AM stations and 21 FM stations.
According to Nielsen Media Research, the Buffalo tv market is the 52nd biggest in the United States as of 2013. Although no primary cable outlets have offices or agencys in the Buffalo area, the four primary networks have established affiliates in the area: WGRZ 2 (NBC), WIVB-TV 4 (CBS), WUTV 29 (FOX), and WKBW-TV 7 (ABC). Other stations in Buffalo with network affiliations include publicly funded WNED-TV 17 (PBS), WNLO 23 (The CW), WNYO-TV 49 (My - Network - TV), and WBBZ-TV 67 (Me - TV/independent). The area's primary cable provider is Spectrum, which operates the system-exclusive Spectrum News Buffalo, part of the statewide Spectrum News network. The Buffalo market also has access to multiple Canadian broadcast stations over-the-air from the Hamilton and Toronto areas, though only CBLT 5 (CBC) and CFTO 9 (CTV) are carried on Time Warner Cable. Movies shot with momentous footage of Buffalo include Hide in Plain Sight (1980), Tuck Everlasting (1981), Best Friends (1982), The Natural (1984), Vamping (1984), Canadian Bacon (1995), Buffalo '66 (1998), Manna from Heaven (2002), Bruce Almighty (2003), The Savages (2007), Henry's Crime (2011), Sharknado 2: The Second One (2014), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of The Shadows and Marshall (both 2016). Although additional movies, such as Promised Land (2012), have used Buffalo as a setting, recording often takes place in other locations such as Pittsburgh or Canada.
Main article: List of citizens from Buffalo, New York Buffalo is one of the biggest Polish-American centers in the United States.
Buffalo has a number of sister metros/cities as designated by Sister Cities International (SCI): Buffalo City Hall South Buffalo, Buffalo, New York Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo Official records for Buffalo kept January 1871 to June 1943 at downtown and at Buffalo Niagara Int'l since July 1943.
An Authentic and Comprehensive History of Buffalo, with Some Account of Its Early Inhabitants, Both Savage and Civilized, Comprising Historic Notices of the Six Nations, Or Iroquois Indians, Vol.
Buffalo, NY: Rockwell, Baker & Hill.
Buffalo Historical Society Publications.
Buffalo, NY: Bigelow Brothers.
You asked us: The 868 3900 line to your desk at the Star: How Buffalo got its name, Toronto Star, Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Toronto Star, September 24, 1992, Stefaniuk, W., Retrieved April 23, 2014.
Worldly setting, sophisticated choices, atmosphere at Beau Fleuve, Buffalo News, Buffalo, NY: Berkshire Hathaway, March 19, 1993, Okun, J., Retrieved April 23, 2014.
'Beau Fleuve' story doesn't wash, Buffalo News, Buffalo, NY: Berkshire Hathaway, July 21, 2003, Retrieved April 23, 2014.
Thomas' Buffalo City Directory for 1862, to which is Prefixed a Sketch of the Early History of Buffalo.
Buffalo, NY: E.A.
The Buffalo News.
"The City of Buffalo 1840 1850".
Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society.
Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society.
"Monuments of a Vanished Prosperity: Buffalo's Grain Elevators and the Rise and Fall of the Great Transnational System of Grain Transport".
The Urban Design Project, School of Architecture and Planning, University at Buffalo.
"Buffalo and the Great Depression, 1929 1933," in Milton Plesur, ed., American Historian: Essays to Honor Selig Adler (1980), pp 204 13 High hopes : the rise and diminish of Buffalo, New York.
State University of New York: State University of New York Press.
"Buffalo, New York".
History of the town/city of Buffalo and Erie County : with ...
"Buffalo, NY".
"Louis Sullivan still has a high-rise building in Buffalo, but Chicago has none".
The Buffalo News.
"Buffalo's Climate".
"Buffalo remembers continuing blizzard of '77".
"Buffalo socked by wintry October surprise".
"Buffalo, Western New York Buried by Another Wave of Snow NBC News".
"August Daily Averages for Buffalo, NY".
"February Daily Averages for Buffalo, NY".
"WMO Climate Normals for Buffalo/Greater Buffalo, NY 1961 1990".
"Buffalo (city), New York".
"Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Enumeration to 1990".
"Buffalo Demographics: 2010".
The Buffalo News.
Buffalo 3rd Poorest Large City.
Buffalo falls to second-poorest big town/city in U.S., with a poverty rate of nearly 30 percent.
Buffalo News.
"Buffalo Market Trends".
"Buffalo Economy News".
City of Buffalo.
The Buffalo News.
New York State Department of Labor (April 21, 2015).
"Which industries are driving the Buffalo area's economy? "Famous Buffalo and Western New York Foods, Restaurants & Food Festivals".
Buffalo Chow.com.
Buffalo Niagara Enterprise.
"City of Buffalo Public Art Collection".
"Ring in 2014 at the 26th Annual Buffalo Ball Drop and Fireworks".
Buffalo, NY: City of Buffalo.
"Buffalo Winterfest & Powder Keg Festival".
"The Buffalo & Erie County Historical Society Buffalo New York".
"Buffalo Museum of Science Home".
"Buffalo Zoo Mission Statement".
The Buffalo News.
Buffalo Olmsted Parks Conservancy.
"Buffalo's first state park to start taking shape on outer harbor".
The Buffalo News.
Visit Buffalo Niagara.
"FBI Buffalo Division".
The Buffalo News Archived October 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
"SUNY Buffalo Regional Knowledge Network".
"Buffalo Seminary".
"Buffalo Public Schools Adult and Continuing Education Division".
"SUNY Buffalo US News and World Report: National University Ranking".
"Sediment Transport and Contaminant Behavior in the Buffalo River, New York: Implications for River Management".
The Buffalo News.
The Buffalo News.
"Interactive City Directory: Buffalo, New York".
Sister Cities from Buffalo's website Archived November 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
City of Buffalo, New York.
City of Buffalo, New York.
City of Buffalo, New York.
"Buffalo and Drohobych join rates of sister cities".
City of Buffalo, New York.
The Buffalo News.
"Buffalo gains sister city: St.
Buffalo News.
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Buffalo, New York - Western New York - New York State Heritage Areas - Cities in New York - Erie Canal - Populated places on the Underground Railroad - Populated places on the Great Lakes - Inland port metros/cities and suburbs of the United States - County seats in New York - Populated places established in 1804 - Cities in Erie County, New York - 1804 establishments in New York - Canada United States border towns
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